正確的柺杖長度測量的方法為:
1. 在直立、前視、挺胸的狀態下(不要低頭看自己的腳),自腋部前方皮膚皺摺處量至腳跟,再加
5公分。
2. 在替別人買柺杖的情形,則是「病人身高減去40公分」。
正確的柺杖位置:
當站立時,柺杖頂端與腋窩間留二吋之距離,且柺杖末端放置於腳尖前外側15-20公分處。手把高度應調節至手肘能彎曲20-30度為佳。
使用柺杖的正確姿勢為:
1. 保持直立的姿勢,手握住橫桿,保持肘關節彎曲25~30度。
2. 上臂緊貼柺杖以控制身體重心。
3. 臀部不要後翹,身體應保持直立或向前微傾。
4. 柺杖要放在腳的前外側,使雙柺的支撐點與健側腳成三角形。
使用柺杖的注意事項:
1. 柺杖底端應有橡皮止滑套,以避免可能發生的滑動。
2. 以手握住把手處,肘關節彎曲25~30度,將重量放在手腕和手掌上,並以雙臂夾住柺杖。手把處可以棉墊包住,以免手掌起水泡。
3. 柺杖與健側腳成倒三角形,不可成一橫的直線。
4. 不可將腋窩放在柺杖上休息。易造成腋窩神經因壓力而損傷。
5. 須注意地面安全,避開椅子、電線,濕的地面。
6. 在練習行走時,協助者應站在患肢的側背方。
因如果跌倒,多是向患側的斜後方跌坐下去。
7. 跌倒的瞬間建議將柺杖向兩側丟開,以手來保護自己。
柺杖行走的步態,詳細的介紹說明如下:
甲、三點式步態:適用於患肢不能承受重量或截肢未裝義肢的人,但雙手和另一腿正常。
方法:1. 體重先放在健肢上,身體微前頃同時移動兩柺杖與患肢向前。
2. 將體重移到兩柺杖與患肢。 3. 再移動健肢向前。
乙、四點式步態:適用於無法以任何一腳支撐全部重量的人,當站立時將身體重量平均分配在兩腳與兩支柺杖上,保持任何時候都有三點接觸地面。
方法:
1. 重量平均放在兩腳與右兩杖上,
2. 重心傾向右側,左柺向前移動約20公分,再將重量平均放在雙柺及左腳上,
3. 重心傾向左側,右腳向前移動約20公分,再將重量平均放在兩腳與左柺上,
4. 右柺向前移動約20公分,再將重量平均放在雙柺及右腳上,
5. 重心傾向右側,左腳向前移動20公分。 重複2~5步驟。
也就是:一側柺杖先行;對側腳跟進;另一側柺杖前進;另一肢再跟進。
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